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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure: drivers, effectiveness, and future needs

The Innovation, 2024

  • This review focuses on how to mitigate the risk of urban overheating by green-blue-grey infrastructure (GBGI)
  • 51 GBGI types in 10 key categories assessed by monitoring>modelling>remote sensing>mixed methods.
  • Highest cooling efficiency: botanical garden>wetland>green wall>street trees.
  • New GBGI implementation should consider future climate impact, multifunctional co-benefits, and unintended consequences.

Ambient greenness, access to local green spaces, and subsequent mental health: a 10-year longitudinal dynamic panel study of 2·3 million adults in Wales

The Lancet, 2023

Living in greener areas, or close to green and blue spaces (GBS; eg, parks, lakes,…

Exploring ‘equigenesis’ in the associations between green space and kidney health among middle-aged and older adults using street view data

Innovation in Aging, 2023

This study systematically explores the association between community green space and preventing kidney failure among middle-aged and older adults in China, using street view data.

Academic publication
Inequality and access
Physical health
Trees and woodland

Exposure to Residential Green Space and Bone Mineral Density in Young Children

JAMA Network Open, 2024

In this birth cohort study of 327 children aged 4 to 6 years, participants exposed to more green space within a 300- to 3000-m radius around the residence had significantly higher bone mineral density.

Academic publication
Children and adolescents
Inequality and access
Physical health

Biodiversity and human health: A scoping review and examples of underrepresented linkages

Environmental Research Volume 246, 1 April 2024

Mounting evidence supports the connections between exposure to environmental typologies(such as green and blue spaces)and human health. However, the mechanistic links that connect biodiversity (the variety of life) and human health, and the extent of supporting evidence remain less clear. Here, we undertook a scoping review to map the links between biodiversity and human health and summarise the levels of associated evidence using an established weight of evidence framework.

Academic publication
Biodiversity
Inequality and access
Nature connection
Physical health

NHS Trees and Woodlands Valuation Pilot Study. A report to the Centre for Sustainable Healthcare.

Forest Research, 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore options for valuation of ecosystem services provided by trees and woodland on the NHS estate.

Government report
Trees and woodland

Valuing nature-based communities of care: A social return on investment(SROI) evaluation of The Fathom Trust ‘Making Well’ programme

Bangor University, 2022

This report presents a Social Return on Investment (SROI) evaluation of the ‘Making Well: Health & Healing through Green Craft’ programme. Developed and delivered by The Fathom Trust as part of a six-month pilot project, the aim of this community-led, nature-based programme is to support the health and well-being of people with long-term mild to moderate psychological conditions.

NGO Report
Green social prescribing
Nature connection

Philadelphia Towards Racial and Environmental Equity (Philly TREEs): how a medical school can advance health equity through urban forestry in Philadelphia, PA, USA

The Lancet, 2023

Inequity in access to urban greenspaces might contribute to health disparities in the USA via multiple pathways. Academic medical centres can promote health equity in their surrounding communities by partnering with community organisations to improve greenspace access in urban environments.

Academic publication
Inequality and access
Trees and woodland

How the natural environment can support health and wellbeing through social prescribing

Mughal R., Seers H., Polley M., Sabey A. & Chatterjee H.J. National Academy for Social Prescribing, 2022

Evidence review of the impact of green social prescribing from the National Academy for Social Prescribing.

NGO Report
Green social prescribing

Cooling cities through urban green infrastructure: a health impact assessment of European cities

Lungman et al, 2023

High ambient temperatures are associated with many health effects, including premature mortality. The combination of global warming due to climate change and the expansion of the global built environment mean that the intensification of urban heat islands (UHIs) is expected, accompanied by adverse effects on population health. Urban green infrastructure can reduce local temperatures. This study aimed to estimate the mortality burden that could be attributed to UHIs and the mortality burden that would be prevented by increasing urban tree coverage in 93 European cities.

Academic publication
Climate change
Inequality and access
Physical health
Trees and woodland

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